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10.1186/s10020-025-01064-1 130 WardN

Abbreviations AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis ALF: Acute liver failure ALT: Alanine aminotransferase APAF-1: Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 APAP: Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) AREs: Antioxidant response elements ASH: Alcoholic steatohepatitis ASMA: Anti-smooth muscle antibodies AST: Aspartate aminotransferase ATP: Adenosine triphosphate BAs: Bile acids Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 BSEP: Bile salt export pump CABP: Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia CD8 +: Cluster of differentiation 8 positive CD20 +: Cluster of differentiation 20 positive CIOMS: The council for international organizations of medical sciences CT: Computed tomography CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 CXCL10: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 CYP2C8: Cytochrome P450 2C8 CYP2C9: Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP3A4: Cytochrome P450 3A4 CYP3A5: Cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP450: Cytochrome P450 DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns DAAs: Direct-acting antivirals DDW-J: Digestive disease week Japan DILI: Drug-induced liver injury DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid DR5: Death receptor 5 ER: Endoplasmic reticulum Fas: Fas cell surface death receptor FasL: Fas ligand FADD: FAS-associated death domain protein GR: Glutathione reductase GSH: Glutathione GGT: GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase GWAS: GWAS: Genome-wide association studies HAV: Hepatitis A virus HBV: Hepatitis B virus HCV: Hepatitis C virus HDS: Herbal and dietary supplements HEV: Hepatitis E virus HLA: Human leukocyte antigens HMGB-1: High-mobility group box-1 HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1 HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography HSV: Herpes simplex virus IgG: Immunoglobulin G IL-1: Interleukin 1 beta IL-6: Interleukin 6 IL-8: Interleukin 8 ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor IRE1: Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 LC3: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 LogP: Logarithm of the partition coefficient LTT: Lymphocyte transformation test MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases MDR: Multidrug resistance mPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRP2: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NAPQI: N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa B NKT: Natural killer T NOACs: Novel oral anticoagulants NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 OAT: Organic anion transporter OATP: Organic anion transporting polypeptide OCT: Organic cation transporter p53: Tumor protein 53 PERK: Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase PNH: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria PTPN22: Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 ROS: Reactive oxygen species RUCAM: Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method SDH: Succinate dehydrogenase TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor alpha TRAIL: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ULN: Upper limit of normal UPR: Unfolded protein response References Suh JI (2020) Drug-induced liver injury

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Abstract The plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are versatile proteins encoded by several genes and play vital roles in responding to various physiological processes